Cuba is celebrated worldwide for its rich history, lively capital, tobacco farms, postcard-worthy beaches, vibrant music, and delicious cuisine – to name a few. But what do these noteworthy attractions all have in common? The answer: a deep influence from the island’s Afro-Cuban culture.
What is Afro-Cuban Culture?
Afro-Cuban culture is a unique blend of African, European and Indigenous traditions that developed in Cuba over centuries of colonisation, slavery and cultural exchange. These traditions and behaviours slowly infused with the local custom, creating a whole new cultural identity – a vibrant tapestry of music, art, dance, religion and cuisine – that is still celebrated across the island today.
The Afrocubanismo Movement: A Brief History
So, where did it all begin? During the 1920s and 30s, a notable artistic and social movement called Afrocubanismo arised, establishing the legitimacy of Black identity across Cuban society. Crowned as the first artistic campaign that focused on one theme, African culture, this innovative movement had a considerable impact on the country’s art, literature, poetry, painting, music and sculptures. And we’re lucky enough to benefit from it.
The works of anthropologist Fernando Ortiz featured significantly during this period of Afro Cuban artistic expressions, helping to integrate the marginalised black community into mainstream society and art. Because of this, today Afro-Cuban influences can both be seen and felt across Cuba.
Popular Afro-Cuban traditions
Grab your dancing shoes
It goes without saying that Afro-Cuban music and dance are synonymous with the country’s rich culture. Rhythms like rumba and son, with African percussion at their core, are the heartbeat of Cuban social gatherings – or simply casual weekday’s across Cuba’s bustling street plazas.
Havana’s cobbles are alive with Afro-Cuban beats that draw crowds for spontaneous celebrations and performances. In Santiago de Cuba, the Afro-Cuban influence shines in the form of lively festivals such as Carnaval, where elaborate costumes, pulsating music that dances in the breeze, and talented performances showcase this cultural legacy.
For tourists, experiencing Afro-Cuban culture offers a deeper understanding of Cuba’s complex heritage and the resilience and creativity that define it. Whether you prefer to digest a destination’s story via festivals, art galleries, or simply conversations with locals (which, by the way are all extremely friendly and welcoming) Cuba’s Afro-Cuban culture is not only a part of its history but a dynamic, living experience that continues to shape the soul of the island.
The roots of Cuban cuisine
Another prominent influence that Afro-Cuban culture has had on the island is its cuisine. As delicious as it is vibrant, you can expect an explosion of flavours when it comes to the country’s gastronomy – with traditional dishes such as Ropa Vieja, Tostones, Arroz Con Pollo, Plantain and more. In fact, Cuban cooking is largely based on Spanish cuisine with influences from Taino, Africa, Chinese, America, and other Caribbean Islands – tantalising the taste buds of locals and visitors alike with a cocktail of herbs and spices from around the world.
Religion and cultural beliefs
Afro-Cuban culture is closely tied to religion; and one which stood the test of time is the syncretic religion of Santería. Directly translated as “Way of the Saints”, this spiritual practice emerged in Cuba in the 17th century and has stuck around ever since.
Based on African Yoruba beliefs and traditions, with elements of Catholicism thrown in, this religion was only practiced in public after the Revolution, however was ridiculed by the government as being folksy witchcraft. In 1980 interest in Santería reemerged, so much so that, today, it’s estimated that 80% of Cubans follow its practices.
Shrines, music, and colourful ceremonies honour the orishas – or deities – so keep your eyes peeled or ask a fellow local to divulge more about it during your visit.
Love Cuba is the UK’s #1 Cuba holiday specialist. For more information on Cuba holidays, Multi Centre Cuba Holidays, or Tailor Made Cuba Holidays please don’t hesitate to contact our friendly team of Cuba holiday specialists on 0207 071 3636 or email enquiries@lovecuba.com
